1. The colours of our place on Earth: chosen by the Aboriginal Nation; red of earth, black of night sky, gold of the suns.

2. The Southern Cross: the location of the Nation as seen by mariners; the symbol of independence and self-government at the Eureka Stockade; the continuity of historical origin.

3. The kangaroo jumping to the red earth: the symbol of freedom for all migrants, refugees, welcome when not predatory. Recognized by all peoples of the Earth as Australian.